تاكاأكي كاتو

في هذا article، لقب العائلة هو Katō.
Senior Second Rank
Count

Katō Takaaki
加藤 高明
Kato takaaki.jpg
رئيس وزراء اليابان
في المنصب
11 June 1924 – 28 January 1926
العاهلTaishō
RegentHirohito
سبقهKiyoura Keigo
خلـَفهواكاتسوكي رِيْ‌جيرو
President of the Kenseikai
في المنصب
10 October 1916 – 28 January 1926
سبقهمنصب مستحدث
خلـَفهواكاتسوكي رِيْ‌جيرو
Minister for Foreign Affairs
في المنصب
16 أبريل 1914 – 10 August 1915
رئيس الوزراءŌkuma Shigenobu
سبقهMakino Nobuaki
خلـَفهŌkuma Shigenobu
في المنصب
29 January 1913 – 20 February 1913
رئيس الوزراءKatsura Tarō
سبقهKatsura Tarō
خلـَفهMakino Nobuaki
في المنصب
7 January 1906 – 3 March 1906
رئيس الوزراءSaionji Kinmochi
سبقهKomura Jutarō
خلـَفهSaionji Kinmochi
في المنصب
19 October 1900 – 3 June 1901
رئيس الوزراءItō Hirobumi
سبقهAoki Shūzō
خلـَفهSone Arasuke
Member of the House of Representatives
في المنصب
10 August 1902 – 11 December 1903
سبقهConstituency established
خلـَفهMulti-member district
الدائرة الانتخابيةKōichi counties (1902–1903)
Yokohama city (1903)
Member of the House of Peers
في المنصب
10 August 1915 – 28 January 1926
Nominated by the Emperor
تفاصيل شخصية
وُلِد(1860-01-03)3 يناير 1860
Saya, Aichi, Japan
توفي28 يناير 1926(1926-01-28) (aged 66)
Tokyo, Japan
سبب الوفاةالتهاب رئوي
الحزبKenseikai (1916–1926)
ارتباطات
سياسية أخرى		Rikken Dōshikai (1913–1916)
الزوج
Katō Haruji
​
(m. 1886)​
الأقاربKiuchi Jūshirō (brother-in-law)
Kijūrō Shidehara (brother-in-law)
المدرسة الأمTokyo Imperial University
التوقيع

الكونت تاكاأكي كاتو 加藤 高明 كاتو تاكاأكي (3 يناير 1860 - 28 يناير 1926) كان سياسي ودبلوماسي ياباني شغل منصب رئيس الوزراء الياباني الرابع والعشرين بين 11 يونيو 1924 حتى وفاته في 28 يناير 1926، أثناء الفترة التي أسماها المؤرخون ديمقراطية تايشو. وكان يُعرف بإسم كاتو كومـِيْ.

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النشأة

Katō was born as Hattori Sokichi, the second son of a former samurai retainer of the Owari Tokugawa domain in Nagoya, Owari Province, in the town of Saya, Ama District in what is now part of the city of Aisai, Aichi Prefecture. He was adopted by Katō Bunhei at the age of 13, and attended the University of Tokyo, from which he graduated at the top of his class from the Law Department in 1881, specializing in English common law. After graduation, he worked as an employee of Mitsubishi zaibatsu, and was sent to London for two years. On his return to Japan in 1885, he became an assistant manager at the Mitsubishi head office in Marunouchi, Tokyo. In 1886, he married Haruji, the eldest daughter of Iwasaki Yatarō, the president of Mitsubishi.


السيرة

Katō Takaaki

In 1887, Katō became private secretary to Ōkuma Shigenobu, who was then Minister of Foreign Affairs, and worked with Ōkuma on the revision of the unequal treaties. Subsequently, he served as director of the Banking Bureau in the Finance Ministry.[1]

From 1894 to 1899, he served as envoy to the United Kingdom, and in 1900, during the 4th Itō administration, he became Foreign Minister; however, the Ito administration remained in office only a few months. During his period in the United Kingdom and in the Foreign Ministry, he helped lay the foundations for the Anglo-Japanese Alliance, which was concluded in 1902. In 1902 he was elected a member of the House of Representatives in the Diet from Kōchi Prefecture.

Appointed again as Foreign Minister in the Saionji cabinet (1906), he resigned after a brief interval, being opposed to the nationalization of the private railways, which the cabinet approved. He then remained without office until 1908, when he accepted the post of ambassador in London. He received an honorary GCMG, and earned the reputation of being one of the strongest among the junior statesmen.[2] He resigned his post as ambassador in December 1912, and again served as Foreign Minister in the 3rd Katsura and 2nd Ōkuma administrations, but soon resigned. He created a Constitutionalist party, becoming its president in 1913, and joined the cabinet as Foreign Minister in April 1914.[3]

He was thus foreign minister at the outbreak of World War I, and in the words of Hew Strachan (The First World War, p. 72): "Of all the world's statesmen in 1914, Katō proved the most adroit at using war for the purposes of policy. Domestically he exploited it to assert the dominance of the Foreign Ministry and of the cabinet in the making of Japan's foreign policy. Internationally he took the opportunity to redefine Japan's relationship with China. In doing so he was not simply outflanking the extremists opposed to him; he was also honouring his own belief that Japan should be a great power like those of Europe."

Katō's decision that Japan should enter World War I greatly angered the genrō, who had not been consulted, and who therefore felt that their power and authority were being slighted. In addition, Katō created considerable controversy in January 1915, when he issued the Twenty-One Demands to China, which sparked a major international incident and considerable opposition domestically.

رئاسة الوزراء (1924–1926)

انظر أيضاً: Katō Takaaki Cabinet
Katō Takaaki in a suit

In 1915, Katō was selected as a member of the House of Peers by Imperial command. He became president of the conservative Kenseikai political party in the following year, whose policies he greatly influenced with his opposition to the genrō, support of the constitution and support for extension of popular suffrage.

Katō was appointed Prime Minister of Japan from 1924 until his death in early 1926. His cabinet was nicknamed the "Goken Sanpa Naikaku" (Cabinet based on the three pro-Constitution factions), which, despite its coalition nature, was able to enact significant legislation. In 1925, Katō had the General Election Law enacted, which extended the vote to all male citizens over the age of 25. He also ratified the Peace Preservation Law, which suppressed leftist political organizations, and concluded the Soviet–Japanese Basic Convention. He also initiated universal military service. Katō strove to reduce government spending, but also suffered considerable personal criticism for his family links with Mitsubishi.

وفاته

Katō Takaaki died in office from pneumonia in 1926, aged 66.

التكريم

From the corresponding article in the Japanese Wikipedia

  • Grand Cordon of the Order of the Sacred Treasure (28 December 1902)
  • Baron (24 August 1911)
  • Viscount (14 July 1916)
  • Grand Cordon of the Order of the Rising Sun with Paulownia Flowers (14 July 1916)
  • Grand Cordon of the Order of the Chrysanthemum (28 January 1926; posthumous)
  • Count (28 January 1926; posthumous)

انظر أيضاً

الهامش

  1. ^ Chisholm 1911.
  2. ^  One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Kato, Taka-Akira" . دائرة المعارف البريطانية. Vol. 15 (eleventh ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 696. {{cite encyclopedia}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  3. ^ قالب:Cite EB1922

المراجع

وصلات خارجية

مناصب سياسية
سبقه
Aoki Shūzō 		Minister of Foreign Affairs
1900–1901 		تبعه
Sone Arasuke
سبقه
Komura Jutarō 		Minister of Foreign Affairs
1906 		تبعه
Saionji Kinmochi
سبقه
Katsura Tarō 		Minister of Foreign Affairs
1913 		تبعه
Makino Nobuaki
سبقه
Makino Nobuaki 		Minister of Foreign Affairs
1914–1915 		تبعه
Ōkuma Shigenobu
سبقه
Kiyoura Keigo 		رئيس وزراء اليابان
1924–1926 		تبعه
واكاتسوكي رِيْ‌جيرو
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